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Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), are a form of irregular heartbeats. These extra beats are usually not hazardous, and they could disappear by themselves.

To diagnose PVC, doctors will listen to your heartbeat, and also check other vital signs. They might order an Holter monitor which is a device that tracks your heart's electrical impulses over 24-48 hours. They might also order blood tests to check your electrolyte levels and thyroid hormones.

Diagnosis

PVCs are caused by electrical impulses that reverberate through the SA node, a structure found in the lower chambers of the heart. This delays the next heartbeat and causes the feeling of fluttering or skipped beats in the chest. PVCs can be seen in a single pattern or in repeated patterns. Doublets are PVCs that occur in a series of. Ventricular tachycardia can be described as three or more consecutive PVCs.

Some people don't experience any symptoms at all Some experience palpitations, that can be felt as the heart beating faster or slower. Other symptoms that are common are fatigue and dizziness, as well as a feeling of being unwell.

A lot of people who have occasional PVCs do not require treatment. If a person has frequent episodes, doctors may suggest a change in diet or lifestyle, such as limiting alcohol, caffeine and stress. They might prescribe medications such as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers that lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate.

Doctors will inquire about the patient's medical history and do a physical exam to assess their general health. They may also employ an electrocardiogram (ECG) to take an image of the heart's electrical activity, or a Holter monitor, which is worn for longer time periods and captures the heart's rhythms over time. Doctors may request blood tests in some instances to check for electrolyte imbalances or drug toxicity.

Sometimes, a pvc doctor may refer a patient to a specialist for heart rhythm issues, or an electrophysiologist, for further evaluation. This doctor will confirm a diagnosis of PVCs and determine if they are benign or malignant.

PVCs are everywhere and aren't usually harmful unless they are used regularly or for a long time. This could lead to a weakening in the heart muscle, or a condition known as pvc-induced cardiomyopathy. This is more common in older adults or people suffering from heart disease. It can also occur to healthy people who have normal, normal heart. However, it is more prevalent among those who exercise regularly. It's not an issue to worry about, but it is important to tell an expert if you notice symptoms like fainting or fatigue.

Treatment

For many people, sporadic PVCs aren't likely to cause symptoms or are harmless and need no treatment. However, for those who do experience a sensation like your heart is lagging a beat or is racing, it's vital to see a doctor as soon as you can.

A cardiologist will first interview you and then perform a physical examination and listen to your heart with a stethoscope to detect any irregular beats. Additionally, you will undergo an electrocardiogram, which captures the electrical impulses of your heart to detect any arrhythmias. If an arrhythmia has been discovered, a portable ECG or 24-hour Holter monitor will be required to document the abnormal rhythm for longer durations of time. These devices will help doctors determine if you suffer from PVCs and their causes like an imbalance in electrolytes, toxicity of drugs or other causes.

An echocardiogram, also known as an ultrasound of your heart, can be ordered to determine whether your heart is healthy and check for indications of structural issues that can lead to PVCs. You may also undergo a stress test to check how your heart reacts to exercise, as physical activity can increase the frequency of your pvcs. You can also take blood tests to check your thyroid hormone, magnesium, potassium, and other hormones to see whether they're low. This could cause PVCs.

After your doctor has confirmed that you have PVCs and has eliminated any serious diseases and has made a decision about how to treat them will be contingent on the degree to which they're affecting your life and the frequency at which they occur. If they only occur occasionally and don't cause any symptoms, it's unlikely that your doctor will prescribe any medication to decrease the frequency or severity of them.

If you experience frequent PVCs that can trigger heart palpitations, or other symptoms such as feeling light-headed or fainting, your doctor may prescribe medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers. Changes in lifestyle, such as avoiding caffeine, smoking, and excessive stress can also reduce the frequency of these abnormal pulses.

Prevention

PVCs can cause no symptoms or heart palpitations, that can feel like "skipped beats" or flutters in the chest. These episodes can create an feeling of fullness or pressure, or make you feel faint. These episodes occur because the heart isn't pumping as effectively as normal. Regular PVCs increase the chance of developing dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition in which the heart enlarges and is unable to pump blood.

PVCs are usually caused by changes in the body's chemistry. These include the release of thyroid and adrenaline hormones, as well as drinking caffeine or alcohol. Stress or excess weight, as well as a lack of exercise, can trigger these episodes.

Certain people find that changing their diet may help to reduce PVCs. For instance, they can avoid foods with preservatives, which can cause a disturbance to the heart rhythm, such as disodium guanylate (E621) disodium inosinate (E627) and diazole sodium (E282-283). Eat more fruits and vegetables to get enough magnesium.

Regular health checks are essential and include annual physicals. These tests can help diagnose any heart conditions that may cause your PVCs. Also, you should adhere to an eat-healthy diet and avoid smoking, which could increase the frequency of your episodes.

A survey of healthcare professionals on 14 normal hospital wards found that they were mostly aware of the preventive measures to avoid vascular catheter-associated infections however, their self-assessment of compliance with these measures was not great. After a feedback program the compliance level improved on a few areas, but was still very low. This suggests that education on how to implement the preventive measures is necessary and that areas that are not as well-adjusted should be targeted for surveillance of infection. These data can be used to guide quality improvement initiatives in these wards. This will likely require more education and training for personnel. It will also involve making sure that the appropriate tools are available for implementation of preventive measures.

Symptoms

Involuntary ventricular contractions that are premature can cause your heart to skip beats or to flutter. These arrhythmias can be normal, or they could indicate you have heart issues that are serious.

In healthy individuals, PVCs that occur occasionally are not a problem. They usually disappear on their own. However, if you suffer from several of them, they could lead to dizziness or weakness. Consult your doctor if you are concerned. They may need to determine the issue by taking a medical history and giving you a physical exam. They'll likely also need to perform an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) or other tests.

An ECG is a quick test that lets your health care provider observe the signal generated by your heartbeat as it moves through your heart in an extremely short period of duration. If you have PVCs, they'll show up in the test. Your doctor might also suggest the use of a Holter monitor that records your heartbeat over a longer amount of time. This can help distinguish PVCs from other types of arrhythmias that cause heart palpitations. You can also wear an event monitor, a portable device that records your heart rhythm for 30 days.

Other heart tests might be required, based on the cause of your PVCs. For example a cardiologist could check your blood pressure, and also perform an ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram). These can help find the presence of a medical issue that could be causing your PVCs, such as cardiomyopathy, mitral valve prolapse or heart failure.

Your doctor may also be required to run an examination of your blood to determine what's wrong with your electrolytes, like low potassium or high levels of calcium. This could indicate that you suffer from PVCs or another condition such as anemia or anxiety disorders.

You might be directed to an electrophysiologist, a specialist who specializes in treating irregular heart rhythms. If you have heart disease that is structural, this specialist might need to do other tests, such as an MRI or CT scan of your chest. These tests will tell you whether you've suffered damage to your heart and how serious it is. In some cases an expert may recommend pacemakers to treat the condition that is causing the PVCs.